Question 1

Which codes and standards govern pressure vessel design and fabrication?

Accepted Answer

Most projects follow a legally recognized construction code/standard based on the installation country and service. Common ones include ASME BPVC Section VIII Division 1 (widely used globally) and EN 13445 (common in Europe for unfired vessels). These documents define requirements for design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and certification.

Question 2

What core design parameters must be defined before engineering starts?

Accepted Answer

At minimum: design pressure, design temperature, corrosion allowance, fluid/service, cyclic duty/fatigue, external loads (wind/seismic/nozzle loads), orientation/supports, allowable materials, and inspection category/NDE level. Good practice also includes defining MAWP, MDMT, required pressure relief philosophy, and any special risks (hydrogen service, sour service, brittle fracture concerns).

Question 3

How do manufacturers select the right material for a pressure vessel?

Accepted Answer

Material selection is driven by: pressure-temperature capability, corrosion/erosion, weldability, impact toughness at low temperature, compatibility with process fluid, and availability of certified plate/forgings. Best practice is to ensure full material traceability (heat numbers), verify chemistry/mechanical properties via MTCs, and apply additional controls like PMI when mix-up risk is high.

Question 4

What safety features are essential in a compliant vessel design?

Accepted Answer

Key safety elements include: correct pressure relief device sizing/selection, safe venting/discharge routing, proper overpressure scenarios, adequate corrosion allowance, and design checks for buckling/external pressure and fatigue where applicable. Reputable codes require vessels to be built and verified to an accepted set of rules and tested/inspected accordingly

Question 5

What are the main manufacturing steps from raw plate to finished vessel?

Accepted Answer

A typical workflow is:
 • Material      receipt & verification (MTC review, marking, traceability)
 • Cutting,      edge prep, rolling/forming, fit-up
 • Welding      (qualified procedures and welders)
 • Heat      treatment as required (e.g., PWHT)
 • NDE/inspection      at defined hold points
 • Dimensional      checks, surface prep/painting or lining
 • Pressure      test (hydro/pneumatic per code and risk controls)
 • Final      documentation dossier, nameplate/stamping per contract/code

Question 6

How is welding quality controlled in pressure vessel manufacturing?

Accepted Answer

Best practice relies on qualified welding procedures (WPS/PQR), qualified welders, controlled consumables, preheat/interpass control, and inspection gates. For critical services, add tighter controls such as heat input limits, additional NDE, and strict repair procedures. (Most code frameworks tie welding and NDE requirements together to ensure integrity.)

Question 7

What NDE methods are commonly used, and when are they required?

Accepted Answer

Common NDE includes VT (visual), PT (liquid penetrant), MT (magnetic particle), UT (ultrasonic), and RT (radiography). The required method and extent depend on the code, joint type, thickness, service severity, and inspection category. Codes commonly reference standardized NDE rules (for example, ASME Section V is widely referenced for NDE methods).

Question 8

What is pressure testing, and why is hydrotest the default?

Accepted Answer

A hydrostatic test typically uses water because it stores far less energy than compressed gas, making it safer than pneumatic testing. Hydrotesting validates workmanship and gross integrity at a specified test pressure per the construction code/contract. Pneumatic tests may be used when water is not feasible, but they demand stricter risk controls due to stored energy hazards.

Question 9

What documentation should the customer expect at delivery?

Accepted Answer

A  good manufacturer supplies a Manufacturing Data Record (MDR) / data      book including:
 • Approved      drawings & calculations (as required by contract)
 • Material      test certificates and traceability records
 • WPS/PQR/WPQ      summaries
 • NDE      reports, heat treatment charts (if applicable)
 • Dimensional      reports, pressure test certificates
 • Final      inspection release/third-party approvals (when used)
 • Nameplate      details and compliance declarations as applicable
      This dossier is essential for audits, commissioning, and future      inspections.

Question 10

How are pressure vessels inspected and maintained in service?

Accepted Answer

In-service      integrity is typically managed through a formal inspection program      covering external/internal inspection, corrosion monitoring,      repairs/alterations under controlled rules, and periodic verification of pressure-relieving      devices. In many hydrocarbon/chemical contexts, API 510 is a      widely used reference for in-service inspection, repair, alteration, and      rerating practices.

Question 11

Who are the leading pressure vessel manufacturers in India?

Accepted Answer

KRR Engineering Pvt. Ltd. is recognized as one of the leading pressure vessel manufacturers in India, trusted for ASME-certified fabrication, high-pressure vessels, and 50+ years of engineering expertise.

Pressure Vessel Suppliers and Manufacturers in Chennai & India | ASME Certified | KRR Engineering

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